Neuroplastic Effects of Trāṭaka Kriya: A Review of Visual-Attention Training and Its Implications for Myopia Management

Abstract

Trāṭaka Kriya, a traditional yogic practice of visual concentration, has been recognized for enhancing mental focus and visual stability. Recently, scientific attention has focused on its potential to enhance neuroplasticity and support visual attention training, which may improve visual performance and aid in myopia management. However, scientific evidence on its neurocognitive and ocular effects remains limited and inconclusive. To analyze the neuroplastic effects of Trāṭaka Kriya and evaluate its potential as a relevant visual attention training technique for myopia management. A systematic literature search was conducted across several electronic databases to identify studies that examine the cognitive, psychological, and visual effects of Trāṭaka and related yogic practices. The initial search yielded 339 records, of which 116 duplicates were removed. After applying the eligibility criteria and screening, 5 studies were selected for final analysis. These studies included 334 participants aged 12-50 years and primarily employed randomized or controlled experimental designs, with intervention durations ranging from 8 to 12 weeks. The findings indicate that Trataka-based interventions may enhance several neurocognitive functions, including attentional control, working memory, visuomotor coordination, and psychological well-being. These improvements suggest possible experience-dependent neuroplastic changes in neural networks related to attention and visual-motor processing. However, current evidence remains limited regarding the direct effect of Trāṭaka on refractive error or the progre ssion of myopia.

Keywords: Trataka Kriya, Yoga, Visual Attention Training, Neuroplasticity, Neurocognition, Myopia, Ocular Health.