Naveen International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (NIJMS)
Naveen International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (NIJMS) is an International Open Access, Peer-reviewed, Refereed, Multidisciplinary, Bimonthly, Multilanguage (English and Hindi) Online Journal. It serves as a platform for researchers, scholars, and scientists to disseminate high-quality scientific research across a broad spectrum of disciplines within modern science and technology. By embracing a multidisciplinary approach, Naveen International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (NIJMS) encompasses fields such as physics, chemistry, biology, computer science, engineering, environmental sciences, mathematics, and applied sciences, among others. Conferences Collaboration with Universities & Colleges ISSDC-2025 NEP: GOST-2025 NCVCIKT-2025 NSWEIG-2025
Role of Digital Technology in Enhancing Student Engagement in Classrooms
The research paper examines how digital technology affects student engagement in classroom settings. The research study uses a comprehensive literature review approach to investigate how digital tools and platforms affect three different types of student engagement which include their behavioral and emotional and cognitive engagement. The research assesses different interactive learning technologies together with gamification methods and collaborative digital tools and adaptive learning systems. The research shows that when digital technologies get implemented with proper planning, they improve student engagement by creating interactive learning environments which allow students to learn at their own pace during real-world educational experiences. The success of the program depends on four main factors which include how teachers use teaching methods and their level of expertise and how students access learning materials and how schools need to establish educational boundaries between new and traditional teaching methods. The study shows that digital technology acts as a strong engagement driver when educational principles get properly applied and schools develop the required infrastructure and teachers receive thorough training. The research recommends that schools should invest in teacher training programs while making sure that all students have equal access to technology and they should use research-based teaching methods which prioritize student learning instead of using technology for its own purpose. Keywords: Digital Technology, Educational Technology, Students engagement, Effective Innovative Learning, interactive learning and gamification.
Copyright (c) 2026 Naveen International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (NIJMS) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Geo-Economic Implications of the One District One Product (ODOP) Scheme for Local Handicrafts
The One District One Product (ODOP) scheme, which was initiated by the Government of Uttar Pradesh (UP) in 2018, is a huge step forward in the regional economic planning. Through the revitalization of the micro, small, and medium enterprise (MSME) sector, this initiative focusing on district-specific traditional industries like Chikankari of Lucknow and Brassware of Moradabad, will eventually see these industries back on track. The paper presents the geoeconomic effects of ODOP, mainly its part in skipping the traditional, intermediary-filled trade routes by the global e-commerce integration. The study pulls together qualitative and quantitative data and looks into how digital branding, logistics support, and international market linkage are changing localized handicrafts to become global commodities. Keywords: ODOP, local goods, Economic Growth, Rural Economy, MSME, Employment, Exports, Income level.
Copyright (c) 2025 Naveen International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (NIJMS) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Therapeutic Essence of Navadha Bhakti: A Synthesized Study
Bhakti Yoga, a rooted in the Indian wisdom and spiritual tradition, aims to achieve salvation, the ultimate goal of man, through an innate love for God. Navadha Bhakti (the nine paths of devotion) is a focused means of spiritual and emotional transformation as a practical method of Bhakti Yoga. It includes practices such as Shravanam (listening), Kirtanam (chanting), and Atmanivedanam (self-surrender), which are recommended in several scriptures, such as the Ramacharitamanas and Bhagavad Purana. This study demonstrates the therapeutic effects of Navadha Bhakti in a holistic framework based on psycho-physio-behavioral feedback mechanisms. This study explores how each process involved in Navadha Bhakti interacts with physiological responses (like-vagus tone, hormone regulation), psychological behavior (like-emotional regulation, cognitive clarity), and behavioral responses (like-empathy, humility), creating an interconnected loop of healing and balance, and shows that Bhakti practices can balance the autonomic nervous system, increase emotional resilience, and positively alter social behavior. This paper establishes that Navadha Bhakti, when viewed as a therapeutic model, provides an accessible, inclusive and culturally rich tool for managing physical, psychological health along with behavioral balance and achieving spiritual wellness through holistic self-regulation. Keywords: Bhakti Yoga, Navadha Bhakti, Integrated Feedback Mechanism, Physiological Impact, Psychological Impact, Behavioral Changes.
Occurrence, Environmental Fate and Toxicological Effects of Nonylphenol Ethoxylates in Aquatic Organisms: A Comprehensive Review
Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs) are one of the major non-ionic surfactants that have been used extensively in a wide variety of industries such as detergent manufacture, textile processing, pesticide manufacturing and cleaning products. The large-scale global use of NPEs is the main reason for their continuous and significant discharge into the water bodies through the effluents from the municipal and the industrial wastewater treatment plants. Environmental monitoring data show that the concentrations of total NPEs in untreated sewage are usually between 1 and 12 mg L⁻¹, while the levels of NPEs in surface waters that are discharged with treated effluents are between 0.05 and 5.0 µg L⁻¹. One of the major environmental concerns linked to NPEs is their partial biodegradation, where these substances are transformed only slightly by microorganisms producing lesser chain ethoxylates and eventually nearly nonylphenol (NP), a metabolite significantly more persistent and toxic than the parent compounds. Nonylphenol is a highly hydrophobic compound with octanol-water partition coefficients (log Kₒw) of about 4.5 to 4.8, thus leading to strong bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms, which has been observed with bioconcentration factors of 1,000 to 10,000 depending on the species and environmental conditions. Long-term exposure to NPEs and their degradation products at environmentally relevant concentrations causes wide-ranging adverse effects like unpleasant smell, endocrine system disruption, reproductive failure, oxidative stress, and δ2H and δ18O ratios indicative of developmental abnormalities in fish and invertebrate populations. This in-depth review gives a critical analysis of the prevailing understanding of the environmental occurrence, fate processes, and bioaccumulation of NPEs and their transformation products in aquatic organisms, particularly focusing on the endocrine-disrupting properties that are a risk even at very low environmental concentrations. Keywords: Nonylphenol Ethoxylates, Substance, Environmental Fate, Aquatic Organisms
Comparative Analysis of Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Native and Introduced Plant Species to Water Stress in the Ranchi Region, Jharkhand
Water stress is one of the major non-biological factors that limit growth, yield, and the survival of plants, particularly in semi-arid areas like Ranchi, Jharkhand. The present study explores and contrasts the water stress in the selected native and exotic plant species through studying their physiological and biochemical reactions. The factors examined are relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence, proline accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase), and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde content). The results indicate the occurrence of species-specific adaptive mechanisms that coincide with the native species showing greater resilience to water deficit through the combined application of osmotic adjustment, effective stomatal regulation, and complete antioxidant defense systems as opposed to the introduced ones. The implications of these results for plantings and restorations under climate variability are that the native flora has no less than an ecological role that is in drought-prone areas. The understanding of such responses is critical for development of sustainable landscape management practices and for predicting changes in vegetation in the Eastern Indian plateau region under the climate change scenarios matching with the projected ones. Keywords: Classical nucleation theory, electric field, free-energy barrier, critical radius, electrochemical nucleation, field-assisted crystallization.
Thermodynamic and kinetic of ion -water cluster
The molecular-level solvation behaviour, the thermodynamics of hydration, and the reactivity of water as a chemical. The process of ion and water molecule interaction is a crucial factor in the understanding of pathways and mechanisms in various fields such as electrochemistry, atmospheric chemistry, and biophysics. The current work looks into the thermodynamics and kinetics of ion-water clusters, with ions like Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, and divalent cations (Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺) under scrutiny along with their formation, stability, hydration free energy, and transition dynamics. To achieve this, the method employed is a combination of classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with ab initio quantum chemical guided calculations which together unravel the intricate portraits of energy landscapes and the respective kinetic barriers for the generation and annihilation of clusters. It is possible to differentiate a temperature dependency to hydration enthalpy, entropy, and the kinetic rate constants of water exchange processes from the results. The research provides insights into the molecular-scale ion hydration dynamics, which have consequences for the field of aqueous-phase reactions and transport phenomena. Keywords: Classical nucleation theory, electric field, free-energy barrier, critical radius, electrochemical nucleation, field-assisted crystallization.
Harnessing Yogic Practices for Optimal Health and Well-being: A Review Study
Since ancient times, humans have been trying to improve their lifestyle through yogic practices. Even today, somebody has accepted the effectiveness of Yoga from a therapeutic point of view. Clinical health practices of Ayurveda and Yoga have protected to a great extent from harmful effects of coronavirus, whether physical or mental. Yoga therapy takes care of the body, prana (vital force), and mind simultaneously. Yoga is also most prevalent because it does not require any kind of medical resources and medicines etc. Yogis have explained Yoga as an art of living a systematic life. Yoga therapy pays attention to all the dimensions of holistic health, such as physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual aspects. WHO (1948) also defines holistic health as “health is not merely the absence of disease, rather complete health is a state of physical, mental, and social well-being.” The yogic lifestyle positively covers all these dimensions of complete health. Yoga philosophy states that the seer is well-known in his true nature. Through the research done in yoga therapy, human beings' physical, mental, and emotional ailments like asthma, diabetes, arthritis, migraine, stress, anxiety, and depression have been competently treated successfully. Therefore, yoga has been demonstrated to be a boon for human civilisation from a therapeutic point of view. Treatment of many diseases has been made possible through the regular practice of Yama-Niyama, Asana, Pranayama, Dhyana, Yoga-Nidra, etc. It is completely clear from the scientific research evidence that yoga therapy takes proper care of an individual's overall health. Keywords: Yogic Practices, Meditation, Harnessing, Health, Well-being.
उत्तराखंड के संस्कृत महाविद्यालयों में संचालित शिक्षा व्यवस्था का समीक्षात्मक अध्ययन
‘भारतस्य प्रतिष्ठे द्वे संस्कृतं संस्कृतिस्तथा’ संस्कृत भाषा, न केवल भारत की सांस्कृतिक विरासत की संग्राहिका है प्रत्युत् यह भारतीय आध्यात्मिकता की प्रवाहिका भी है। संस्कृत के इस माहात्म्य को देखते हुए ही ‘ राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति 2020 ' में संस्कृत भाषा के संरक्षण एवं शिक्षण पर काफी बल दिया है। इसमें संस्कृत भाषा की पाण्डुलिपि संरक्षण से लेकर संस्कृत अध्ययन अध्यापन तक सुझाव दिए गए हैं। ऐसा नहीं है कि इस नीति से पूर्व संस्कृत भाषा अध्ययन-अध्यापन हेतु प्रयास नहीं किये जा रहे थे इससे पूर्व भी केंद्र और सरकारों द्वारा संस्कृत भाषा के संरक्षण और संवर्धन हेतु निरंतर प्रयास किये जाते रहे हैं इसी सन्दर्भ में अगर बात करें, उत्तराखंड सरकार द्वारा संस्कृत भाषा के संरक्षण और संवर्धन के लिए किये जा रहे प्रयासों की तो राज्य में 90 से ज्यादा संस्कृत विद्यालयों और महाविद्यालयों की स्थापना की गई है। इसके साथ ही राज्य द्वारा संस्कृत भाषा में अनुसंधान हेतु 2005 में हरिद्वार में एक संस्कृत विश्वविद्यालय की भी स्थापना की गई है। राज्य में संस्कृत भाषा के प्रचार और प्रसार के लिए उत्तराखंड के पांच गाँवों को ‘आदर्श संस्कृत ग्राम’ के रूप में घोषित किया गया है। 2010 में राज्य ने संस्कृत को द्वितीय राजभाषा का दर्जा भी दिया है। इतने प्रयासों के बाद, क्या उत्तराखंड में जनसामान्य में संस्कृत भाषा का प्रचार प्रसार संभव हो पाया है? इसके अतिरिक्त क्या संस्कृत महाविद्यालयों में संचालित शिक्षा व्यवस्था छात्रों को अध्ययन हेतु अभिप्रेरित करने में समर्थ हो पा रही है? इत्यादि प्रश्नों की चर्चा प्रस्तुत शोधपत्र में की गयी है । मुख्य शब्द : राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति 2020, मानवीय संसाधन, भौतिक संसाधन, संस्कृत भाषा।
The Impact of Parental Conflict on the Educational Outcomes of Children with Mental Retardation: A Correlational Study
In this research, the educational results of mentally retarded children are analyzed considering parental disagreements. One hundred children with slight to moderate intellectual disabilities (aged 8 to 14) and their parents were included in the study. The Educational Performance Assessment Scale (EPAS) and the Parental Conflict Scale (PCS) were the tools for data collection. A strong negative correlation between parental disagreements and the children's academic performance was found (r = -0.63, p < 0.01). Poor adaptive behavior, less involvement in the classroom, and lower academic scores were some of the crisis-related problems. The findings emphasize the necessity of psychosocial support and family unity in the process of bringing about better educational gains for the group of children that have intellectual disabilities. Keywords: correlation, family environment, children with mental retardation, educational outcomes, and parental conflict.
Classical nucleation theory with an electric field: modified free-energy barrier (ΔG*) and critical radius (r*)
Classic nucleation theory (CNT) is an approach that illustrates the concept of phase transitions and subsequent new phases creation from the underlying parent phases that are in a metastable state. The application of external electric fields has brought about considerable changes in the thermodynamic driving forces of the nucleation process. The current paper presents a theoretical analysis of how electric fields can influence the free-energy barrier (ΔG*) and the critical nucleus radius (r*) in the context of CNT. We obtain new expressions for these critical parameters by adding electrostatic contributions to the total free-energy balance. The study shows that the application of an electric field can significantly decrease the energy barrier and the critical radius, which in turn leads to an increase in the rate of nucleation and a shift in the phase stability landscape. Keywords: Classical nucleation theory, electric field, free-energy barrier, critical radius, electrochemical nucleation, field-assisted crystallization.
माध्यमिक स्तर के शिक्षकों की राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति-2020 के प्रति प्रत्यक्षण
यह शोध पत्र भारत की नवीनतम राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति 2020 के प्रति माध्यमिक स्तर के शिक्षकों के प्रत्यक्षण का विश्लेषण करता है। शोध का उद्देश्य शिक्षकों के जेंडर और विषय-वर्ग (कला एवं विज्ञान) के आधार पर नीति के प्रति उनके प्रत्यक्षण की तुलना करना तथा उच्च और निम्न प्रत्यक्षण में योगदान देने वाले कारकों का अध्ययन करना था। लखनऊ जनपद के 100 माध्यमिक स्तर के शिक्षकों पर आधारित इस सर्वेक्षण में पाँच-बिंदु लिकर्ट स्केल का प्रयोग किया गया। परिणामों से पता चला कि महिला और पुरुष शिक्षकों तथा कला और विज्ञान विषय के शिक्षकों के प्रत्यक्षण में कोई महत्वपूर्ण अंतर नहीं है। अधिकांश शिक्षक नीति के प्रति संतुलित दृष्टिकोण रखते हैं, जबकि कुछ उच्च और निम्न स्तर के दृष्टिकोण वाले भी पाए गए। शोध यह दर्शाता है कि नीति की सफलता के लिए शिक्षकों की समझ, सक्रिय सहभागिता और सकारात्मक दृष्टिकोण आवश्यक हैं। शिक्षकों के समग्र प्रत्यक्षण को मजबूत करने हेतु प्रशिक्षण, संसाधन और संवाद आवश्यक हैं ताकि राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति 2020 प्रभावी रूप से लागू हो सके। मुख्य शब्द : राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति 2020, सक्रिय सहभागिता, शिक्षकों की समझ, समग्र प्रत्यक्षण।
माध्यमिक स्तर के शिक्षकों की ई-अधिगम के प्रति अभिवृत्ति
प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र माध्यमिक स्तर के शिक्षकों की ई-अधिगम के प्रति अभिवृत्ति शोध अध्ययन पर आधारित है। इसके अतिरिक्त जेंडर तथा विषय वर्ग (कला एवं विज्ञान) के आधार पर माध्यमिक स्तर के शिक्षकों की ई-अधिगम के प्रति अभिवृत्ति का अध्ययन किया गया है, जो वर्णनात्मक सर्वेक्षण विधि पर आधारित है। इस अध्ययन में प्रतिदर्श के रूप में लखनऊ जनपद के माध्यमिक स्तर पर कक्षा 9 में शिक्षण कर रहे 100 शिक्षकों (50 महिला शिक्षक तथा 50 परुष शिक्षक) का चयन उद्देश्यपूर्ण प्रतिदर्श प्रविधि द्वारा किया गया है। शोध संबंधित आंकड़ों के एकत्रीकरण के लिए शोधकर्ता द्वारा पांच बिंदु लिकर्ट मापनी पर आधारित स्वनिर्मित की ई-अधिगम अभिवृत्ति मापनी का उपयोग किया गया है। इस मापनी में ई-अधिगम की उपयोगिता तथा औचित्य को ध्यान में रखते हुए कुल 35 कथनों (26 धनात्मक तथा 9 ऋणात्मक) को सम्मिलित किया गया है। इस मापनी द्वारा संकलित आंकड़ों के विश्लेषण के लिए शोधकर्ता द्वारा सांख्यिकीय प्रविधियों के अंतर्गत माध्य, मानक विचलन तथा t-परीक्षण का उपयोग किया गया है। आंकड़ों के विश्लेषण के पश्चात शोध निष्कर्ष के रूप में यह ज्ञात हुआ कि माध्यमिक स्तर के शिक्षकों की ई-अधिगम के प्रति अभिवृत्ति औसत स्तर की है। साथ ही जेंडर तथा विषय वर्ग के आधार पर माध्यमिक स्तर के शिक्षकों की ई-अधिगम के प्रति अभिवृत्ति में कोई सार्थक अंतर नहीं है। मुख्य शब्द: ई-अधिगम, अभिवृत्ति, माध्यमिक स्तर, कला एवं विज्ञान वर्ग ।
ADHD and Academic Achievement: A Survey Study on the Impact of ADHD on Student Performance
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the primary neurodevelopmental disorder that impacts children and adolescents globally. The present study investigates through quantitative survey methods how ADHD affects academically the students. The population surveyed included 200 students, of which 100 had ADHD and the other 100 did not. The academic performance evaluation resulted in much higher grades in the case of not ADHD diagnosed students, better attendance, more completed assignments, and taking part in class discussions. Inattention and impulsivity, the main ADHD symptoms, have been pointed out to severely impede the learning process and hence to be detrimental to the quality of education. Hence, the paper notifies that the school system should adopt a multi-faceted treatment comprised of behavior therapy, individualized education plans, and early detection of ADHD for better academic performance outcomes. Keywords: impulsivity, inattention, education, student performance, ADHD, and academic success.
दूरस्थ शिक्षा की प्रशासनिक व्यवस्थाओं की चुनौतियाँ: वैचारिक अंतर्दृष्टि
भारत जैसे विशाल और विविधतापूर्ण देश में शिक्षा को प्रत्येक व्यक्ति तक पहुँचाना केवल शैक्षिक नीतियों का प्रश्न नहीं बल्कि एक मज़बूत प्रशासनिक ढाँचे और प्रशासकों का भी उत्तरदायित्व होता है तथा मुक्त एवं दूरस्थ शिक्षा इस लक्ष्य को प्राप्त करने का महत्वपूर्ण माध्यम है किंतु इसके समुचित संचालन और व्यवस्थापन में अनेक प्रशासनिक बाधाएँ सामने आती हैं । इस अध्ययन का उद्देश्य इन्हीं चुनौतियों की पहचान करना और उनके समाधान हेतु व्यावहारिक सुझाव प्रस्तुत करना है । इस लेख में द्वितीयक आंकड़ों का प्रयोग किया गया है, जो विभिन्न ऑनलाइन प्रति स्रोतों से संकलित है, साथ ही साथ शैक्षिक प्रशासन और नेतृत्व से संबंधित पूर्ववर्ती शोधों को आधार बनाया गया है । परिणामों से यह स्पष्ट हुआ कि मुक्त एवं दूरस्थ शिक्षा के सुचारु संचालन में प्रमुख अवरोधों जैसे प्रशासनिक समन्वय का अभाव, तकनीकी संसाधनों और संयोजकता की कमी, प्रशिक्षित कर्मचारियों का अभाव, शिक्षार्थी सहायता सेवाओं की कमजोरी, शिक्षार्थियों की प्रतिधारण क्षमता में गिरावट, कार्यभार की अधिकता, शिक्षार्थी सहभागिता में कमी, वित्तीय और नियामक संस्थाओं एवं तकनीकी अवसंरचना (ई-लर्निंग प्लेटफ़ॉर्म, वर्चुअल कक्षाएँ, डिजिटल कंटेंट और मूल्यांकन प्रणाली) को पर्याप्त रूप से विकसित न कर पाना एक बड़ी चुनौती के रूप में उभरता है । परिणामस्वरूप मुक्त एवं दूरस्थ शिक्षा की गुणवत्ता, विश्वसनीयता और प्रभावशीलता प्रभावित होती है तथा शिक्षकों, कर्मचारियों और छात्रों के बीच असंतोष की स्थिति उत्पन्न होती है । यह कहा जा सकता है कि यदि मुक्त एवं दूरस्थ शिक्षा की प्रशासनिक संरचना को पारदर्शी, उत्तरदायी और तकनीकी रूप से सशक्त बनाया जाए तो इन चुनौतियाँ को अवसरों में परिवर्तित किया जा सकता हैं, जिससे वर्तमान शिक्षा प्रणाली में प्रभावी नेतृत्व, सतत प्रशिक्षण, वित्तीय अनुशासन, प्रौद्योगिकी का स्थायी उपयोग और विद्यार्थी-केंद्रित नीतियों को अपनाकर इस शिक्षा प्रणाली को अधिक गुणवत्तापूर्ण, सुलभ और परिणामोन्मुख बनाया जा सकता है एवं शिक्षा अपने वास्तविक उद्देश्यों को सर्वसुलभ और समावेशन द्वारा प्राप्त करने में सफल सिद्ध होगी । मुख्य शब्द : प्रशासनिक चुनौती, शिक्षार्थी प्रबंधन चुनौती, प्रौद्योगिकी बुनियादी ढांचा, संकाय कर्मचारी प्रबंध ।
A Comparative Study of Financial Performance in Context of Profitability in Automobile Industry in India- Between Maruti Suzuki and Tata Motors
Automobile company has rapidly growth over the past year in India. Automobile company plays a significant role in the growth of India's economic system. Here most of the automobile industry in India, where selected which listed in Bombay stock exchange and national stock exchange in India. The objectives of this study examine the financial performance in the context of profitability ratio in automobile sector, to review the various literature regarding financial performance in context of profitability in automobile industry in India- a comparative study between Maruti Suzuki and Tata Motors, to find out the gross profit margin ratios of Maruti Suzuki and Tata Motors, to calculate the operating profit margin and net profit margin ratio of automobile industry, to evaluate the EBIT, PAT, ROC and ROCE of Maruti Suzuki and Tata Motors, to provide actionable insights and strategies that can help industries improve their financial performance. In this paper, we study the comparative analysis between many automobiles industry like two-wheeler, three-wheeler, and four-wheeler in the context of profitability in India. The analyzed various financial tools which is representing three different parameters via gross profit, net profit and operating profit margins for profitability analysis of the Tata Motors and Maruti Suzuki variables. Therefore, we focus on financial analysis which refers to company’s financial tools assessment like gross profit, net profit and operating profit, EBIT, PAT, ROC, ROCE of automobile sector in India. The author found that profitability ratios is most important tools for analysis of financial performance and certain tools are affect the financial performance of Tata Motors and Maruti Suzuki company. Keywords: Automobile industry, Financial tools, Financial performance, Profitability, EPS.
Synchronous vs. Asynchronous: A Critical Analysis of Learning Outcomes and Student Well-being
The global pandemic worldwide forced a sharp transition to learning online, which has changed the face of education irreversibly. We had to take an important decision between synchronous (real-time) and asynchronous training in this new setting. Using our firsthand experiences at a women's college in India, India, this paper is beyond a direct technical comparison to provide an important examination of methods in which both these methods affect students' learning and welfare. We say that student welfare is an equally important success criteria, which is in the form of academic achievement, which L. On special focus on. Our findings, which come from a mixed-methods study, highlight a remarkable contradiction with our graduate students: synchronous classes promote community spirit, but can often increase stress and individual students who are experiencing digital. On the other hand, asynchronous learning provides essential flexibility, but may result in the feelings of loneliness. We argue that a carefully balanced academic approach is not only an option, but also needs to make education effective in both egalitarian and our settings. Keywords: synchronous learning, asynchronous learning, student well-being, digital pedagogy, learning outcomes, educational technology.
These days, the “mutual fund industry” is among the most prominent. Finding the best course of action and investment option has become increasingly challenging due to the proliferation of investment opportunities. Our primary objectives in this paper are to comprehend the several key ideas surrounding mutual funds as well as to identify trends and patterns in the different mutual fund schemes available in India. According to the results of the current study, there is a tendency that is moving more people toward “open-ended schemes” than “closed-ended” ones. There is a downward trend in the expansion of close-ended schemes following the positive trend that lasted until the year 2015–16. Nonetheless, the rise of open-ended schemes was sluggish but steady, leading us to believe that in the future, “open-ended schemes” will continue to trend positively while close-ended schemes will continue to decline. Keywords: Mutual Funds, Reserve Bank of India, Open Ended Schemes, LIC, Close Ended Schemes.
Theory-Based Interventions to Reduce Math Anxiety and Enhance Achievement
ABSTRACT: Math anxiety undermines students’ participation, persistence, and achievement across ages and cultures. This paper synthesizes theory-based interventions that target both emotion and learning processes. Three frameworks organize the review: cognitive-behavioral, constructivist, and social learning. Cognitive-behavioral interventions challenge irrational beliefs, teach relaxation and cognitive restructuring, and use graded exposure to mathematics; they reliably raise test performance and often reduce anxiety. Constructivist approaches emphasize hands-on, inquiry-oriented, and collaborative problem solving, remove counterproductive time pressures, and prioritize relational understanding over rote procedures. Social learning strategies leverage peer modeling, tutoring, and supportive classroom norms to build self-efficacy. In practice, effective programs integrate these strands into multimodal designs that combine emotion regulation, conceptual scaffolds, and structured peer support. The review also summarizes assessment and evaluation. Widely used measures such as the MARS, AMAS, and MAS-UK enable screening and monitoring. Mixed-methods evaluations—pre/post-tests, growth models, interviews, and reflective writing—link anxiety reductions to gains in mathematical performance. Case studies during COVID-19 further highlight the benefits of collaborative, hands-on learning and mindfulness-based components. Implications follow for classroom practice and policy: adopt process-focused instruction, normalize help-seeking, embed brief CBT micro-lessons, expand peer supports, and fund rigorous, scalable interventions. Noted limitations include small convenience samples and uneven demographic representation; future research should pursue longitudinal, diverse, and comparative trials with transparent implementation fidelity. Overall, converging evidence shows that theoretically grounded, multimodal interventions can meaningfully reduce math anxiety while enhancing achievement when implemented with fidelity and evaluated systematically. Clear reporting standards and equitable sampling will strengthen generalizability and classroom translation worldwide adoption. Keywords: math anxiety; cognitive-behavioral therapy; constructivist learning; social learning; multimodal interventions; assessment scales; self-efficacy.
Influence of Dust, Shading, and Surface Contaminants on Solar Panel Performance in Urban and Rural Environments
This research investigates the differential impacts of environmental factors on photovoltaic (PV) system performance across urban and rural settings. The study addresses a critical gap in understanding how dust accumulation, shading patterns, and surface contaminants affect solar panel efficiency in diverse geographical contexts. Through a comprehensive mixed-methods approach involving field measurements from 240 solar installations across six regions, laboratory testing, and meteorological data analysis spanning 24 months, this investigation quantifies performance degradation patterns. Results demonstrate that urban environments experience 18-25% greater efficiency losses compared to rural settings, primarily attributed to higher particulate matter concentrations and complex shading scenarios. Dust accumulation rates averaged 2.3 g/m²/day in urban areas versus 0.8 g/m²/day in rural locations. The study reveals that optimal cleaning intervals vary significantly between environments: weekly cleaning in urban areas versus bi-weekly in rural settings maximizes cost-effectiveness. These findings provide crucial insights for solar system designers, maintenance practitioners, and policymakers developing renewable energy infrastructure strategies. Keywords: Photovoltaic Performance, Environmental Contamination, Solar Panel Efficiency, Urban Solar Systems, Dust Accumulation, Shading Analysis, Renewable Energy Optimization.
A Critical Theoretical Study of NEP-2020
One significant step in reforming India's educational system is the National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020). Its main goals are to improve student learning, modernize education, and align it with international standards. Stronger educational facilities, improved teacher preparation, and skill-based learning are highlighted in the policy. Its primary objectives are to address long-term issues, bring equality, quality, and innovation to education, and get students ready for the demands of the twenty-first century. Three perspectives are used in this paper to examine NEP-2020: social justice, human capital theory, and critical pedagogy. It highlights the policy's positive aspects while also pointing out its drawbacks, such as excessive privatization, linguistic barriers, and unequal access to technology. The basic premise is that NEP-2020 has the potential to make significant strides, but it will encounter obstacles if there is insufficient funding, equitable policies, and public participation in decision-making. We conclude with recommendations for educators, legislators, and others to help NEP 2020 succeed and fulfill its objectives. Keywords: India, critical theory, education policy, and NEP-2020.
Academic Anxiety among Secondary School Students in Relation to their Study Involvement and Self-Confidence
The present study aimed to examine the levels, relationships, and predictors of academic anxiety among secondary school students in the Indian context. A stratified random sample of 240 students (Grades 8–10) was drawn to ensure equal representation across gender, medium of instruction, type of school, and location. Standardized tools, namely the Academic Anxiety Scale, Study Involvement Scale, and Self-Confidence Inventory, were administered. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD, Pearson correlations, and multiple regression. Findings revealed that academic anxiety significantly increases with grade level, with Grade 10 students showing the highest anxiety, accompanied by lower study involvement and self-confidence. ANOVA results confirmed strong grade differences (η² = 0.22 for anxiety), while post-hoc tests indicated significant pairwise differences across all three grades. Correlation analysis showed that academic anxiety had strong negative associations with both study involvement (r = −0.631) and self-confidence (r = −0.639). Regression results demonstrated that study involvement and self-confidence were significant independent predictors of academic anxiety, together explaining about 60% of its variance, whereas gender, medium, school type, and location were not significant predictors. The study concludes that psychological factors such as involvement and confidence play a more crucial role in shaping academic anxiety than demographic factors. Educational implications include designing interventions to enhance study engagement and build self-confidence, especially among Grade 10 students facing examination pressures. Keywords: Academic anxiety, Study involvement, Self-confidence, Secondary school students, Psychological predictors.
किशोरों के कैरियर विकास पर माता-पिता के प्रभाव का पारिवारिक दृष्टिकोण: एक समीक्षात्मक अध्ययन
यह विस्तृत समीक्षा पत्र चालीस से अधिक अकादमिक स्रोतों से प्राप्त हुए परिणामों का विश्लेषण करता है ताकि किशोरों की शैक्षणिक सफलताओं और उनके व्यावसायिक लक्ष्यों को प्रभावित करने वाले महत्वपूर्ण घटकों की जांच की जा सके। यह तीन प्रमुख क्षेत्रों के बीच होने वाले संबंधों का आलोचनात्मक विश्लेषण करता है: पारिवारिक प्रभाव, व्यक्तिगत मनोवैज्ञानिक कारक, और विद्यालय-आधारित हस्तक्षेप, यह साहित्य बहुमत से माता-पिता को बच्चे के कैरियर पथ पर सबसे बड़ा प्रभाव के रूप में चित्रित करता है, जिसमें सहायक व्यवहार और सत्तावादी पालन-पोषण शैली सकारात्मक रूप से दृढ़ता और अनुकूलनशीलता के साथ संबंधित हैं। माता-पिता का हस्तक्षेप और अवास्तविक उम्मीदें खतरनाक हो सकते हैं ये तथ्य एक महत्वपूर्ण मध्यस्थ के रूप में व्यक्तिगत आत्म-प्रभावकारिता विकसित करता है, जो माता-पिता और सलाहकारों से प्राप्त बाहरी समर्थन को ठोस कैरियर विकास परिणामों में बदल देता है। औपचारिक विद्यालय परामर्श के प्रभाव से कुछ अलग-अलग परिणाम सामने आते हैं, जैसे तीव्रता की कमी और पारिवारिक प्रणालियों को एकीकृत करने में विफलता के कारण कई हस्तक्षेप सांख्यिकीय रूप से नगण्य पाए गए हैं, हालांकि कुछ प्रभावी हो भी सकते हैं। वहीं सीखने की अक्षमता वाले या विविध सांस्कृतिक और सामाजिक-आर्थिक पृष्ठभूमि वाले विद्यार्थी कमजोर आबादी में मिश्रित बाधाओं का सामना करते हैं। इन्ही तथ्यों के आधार पर निष्कर्ष सामूहिक रूप से कैरियर मार्गदर्शन के लिए एक एकीकृत पारिस्थितिकी-तंत्र-आधारित दृष्टिकोण की आवश्यकता की ओर इशारा करते हैं जो परिवार-केंद्रित एवं विकासात्मक रूप से उपयुक्त हो और छात्रों के आंतरिक मनोवैज्ञानिक संसाधनों के निर्माण पर केंद्रित हो। मुख्य शब्द: माता-पिता का प्रभाव, कैरियर विकास, आत्म-प्रभावकारिता, किशोर, विद्यालय परामर्श, सामाजिक संज्ञानात्मक कैरियर सिद्धांत, कैरियर अनुकूलनशीलता।
Toward Transformative Science Pedagogy: Critical Insights from Government Schools of NCT of Delhi
Science education plays an important role to develop scientific temperament, critical thinking, and imagination among students. Within the Indian schooling system and particularly in Delhi’s government schools, science teaching carries the potential to empower children from disadvantaged backgrounds of non-critical thinking by enabling them to make sense of their everyday life and prepare them to participate more in society. This study examines the state of science education in government schools of NCT of Delhi, focusing on the conflict between traditional textbook-led teaching and the inquiry-based practices models promoted through recent initiatives. The analysis draws entirely on secondary sources such as government policy documents, reports and academic research. Reform measures like Mission Chunauti (2016), Mission Buniyaad, the expansion of ICT and digital classrooms and STEM-focused initiatives were all introduced with the aim to make science teaching more inquiry-driven. Recent policy frameworks strongly endorse Inquiry-Based Science Education (IBSE), which emphasises questioning, exploration and hands-on experiments. However, the reality in most classrooms still reflects conventional practice—rote memorisation, exam-driven teaching and heavily reliance on prescribed textbooks. These findings suggest that although IBSE is well represented in policy discourse and is visible in small pockets of practice. However, its wider adoption faces several barriers. These include inadequate preparation of teachers, insufficient infrastructural support, rigid curricular and assessment frameworks. The paper concludes that bridging this gap between policy and classroom reality requires sustained attention to three areas:- Subject-specific professional development for teachers, flexible curricular design and investment in digital and science specific infrastructure. By taking these steps, classrooms of government school can shift away from rote memorization to real scientific learning that inspires curiosity and builds critical thinking in students. Keywords; Educational reforms, Science education, National Education Policy (NEP 2020), inquiry-based learning, Government schools of NCT of Delhi.
Competency-Based Education: A Comparative Study of Traditional vs. Modern Approaches
Education in the 21st century is undergoing a paradigm shift from traditional teacher-cantered approaches to competency-based learning frameworks that emphasize mastery of skills, application of knowledge, and learner autonomy. Traditional systems prioritize content delivery, standardized testing, and time-bound progression, whereas competency-based education (CBE) focuses on outcomes, personalized pacing, and skill integration. This study explores the comparative effectiveness of traditional and modern competency-based approaches in terms of pedagogy, assessment, and student outcomes. Using a mixed-methods design, data will be collected from higher secondary and undergraduate students as well as teachers through questionnaires, interviews, and curriculum analysis. Expected findings suggest that while traditional education supports structured learning and discipline, CBE promotes critical thinking, collaboration, and lifelong learning skills. However, challenges such as teacher preparedness, curriculum redesign, and infrastructural gaps remain significant. The paper concludes that a blended model, integrating the strengths of both approaches, is best suited for the Indian context under the reforms of NEP 2020. Keywords: Competency-Based Education, Traditional Education, Pedagogy, Assessment, NEP 2020, Lifelong Learning.
राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति 2020 में महात्मा गांधी के शैक्षिक विचारों का समावेशन
सारांश: यह शोध-पत्र राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति 2020 (NEP 2020) में महात्मा गांधी के शैक्षिक दर्शन के सिद्धांतों के समावेशन का विश्लेषण करता है। गांधीजी की 'नई तालीम' या बुनियादी शिक्षा की अवधारणा, जो कार्य-आधारित, मूल्य-संचालित और आत्मनिर्भरता को बढ़ावा देने वाली शिक्षा पर जोर देती है, आज भी प्रासंगिक है। इस अध्ययन का उद्देश्य NEP 2020 के उन प्रावधानों की पहचान और मूल्यांकन करना है जो गांधीवादी विचारों जैसे—मातृभाषा में शिक्षा, व्यावसायिक कौशल, नैतिक विकास और अनुभवात्मक अधिगम (experiential learning) को दर्शाते हैं। यह शोध NEP 2020 के दस्तावेज़ों और गांधीजी के शैक्षिक लेखन के तुलनात्मक विश्लेषण पर आधारित है। प्रमुख निष्कर्ष यह दर्शाते हैं कि NEP 2020 ने गांधीजी के कई प्रमुख विचारों को सैद्धांतिक रूप से अपनाया है, विशेष रूप से कौशल विकास, स्थानीय कलाओं को महत्व देना और शिक्षा को समग्र बनाना। हालाँकि, इन सिद्धांतों के व्यावहारिक कार्यान्वयन में शहरी-ग्रामीण असमानता और आधुनिक तकनीक के साथ गांधीवादी सरलता का संतुलन जैसी महत्वपूर्ण चुनौतियाँ भी मौजूद हैं। यह अध्ययन इस बात पर प्रकाश डालता है कि यदि गांधीवादी दर्शन को सही भावना के साथ लागू किया जाए, तो NEP 2020 एक आत्मनिर्भर और मूल्य-आधारित समाज के निर्माण की दिशा में एक महत्वपूर्ण कदम हो सकता है। मुख्य शब्द: राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति 2020, महात्मा गांधी, बुनियादी शिक्षा, नैतिक शिक्षा, कार्यप्रधान शिक्षा, आत्मनिर्भरता, मूल्याधारित शिक्षा।
योग शिक्षा का अतीत एवं भविष्य- एक विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन
भारतवर्ष में योग शिक्षा भारतीय संस्कृति की दैदीप्यमान अमूल्य धरोहर है, जिस पर हर आम भारतीय को गर्व है। योग शिक्षा मानव जीवन के सर्वांगीण विकास का पथ प्रशस्त करती है। योग शिक्षा अपने शुरूआती विकास काल में केवल कुछ चुनिंदा ऋषियों के आश्रमों एवं मठों तक ही सीमित थी। योग शिक्षा केवल शारीरिक व्यायाम न होकर मन, शरीर और आत्मा के संतुलन का सम्पूर्ण विज्ञान है। जहाँ योग शिक्षा अपने अतीत में केवल संन्यासियों के आश्रमों एवं मठों तक ही सीमित थी जो वर्तमान समय में वहाँ से निकलकर जन सामान्य तक पहुँच गई है। योग शिक्षा वैश्विक रूप धारण कर रही हैं। इसका भविष्य उज्जवल है क्योंकि आधुनिक युग में योग शिक्षा का महत्व अत्यधिक बढ़ गया है। योग शिक्षा आधुनिक जीवन के तनाव, रोग और असंतुलन से मुक्ति का अभिन्न माध्यम बन चुकी है। इस शोध पत्र में योग शिक्षा के अतीत (ऐतिहासिक काल), वर्तमान स्वरूप एवं भविष्य की संभावनाओं का विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत किया गया है। मुख्य शब्द : योग शिक्षा, सर्वांगीण विकास, ज्ञानयोग, कर्मयोग, वृत्ति।
Causes of Mathematics Anxiety: Cognitive–Affective Models
Mathematics anxiety is a pervasive, debilitating affect that undermines motivation, learning, and attainment across schooling and adulthood. This review synthesizes cognitive–affective accounts of its causes—self-efficacy, expectancy–value, and mindset—and maps how beliefs and appraisals precipitate anxiety and avoidance. Low mathematics self-efficacy biases threat appraisal, heightens worry, and constrains working-memory resources, triggering demotivation and withdrawal. Expectancy–value processes link low expectations of success with high perceived costs and instrumental value, producing heightened arousal and defensive disengagement when tasks are important yet daunting. Fixed-mindset beliefs further amplify evaluative threat, converting errors into evidence of limited ability, while growth-mindset orientations frame struggle as information for improvement. Across models, socio-cultural and instructional contexts (e.g., timed testing, rigid pedagogy, anxious role models) shape beliefs, thereby sustaining an anxious-academic loop. The review integrates evidence from school through higher education, noting co-occurrence with broader anxiety and the heterogeneity of risk trajectories. It also summarizes assessment approaches—MARS and abbreviated variants, AMAS, MAS-UK, and problem-solving-specific tools—highlighting psychometric support and use for screening and monitoring. Implications emphasize theory-aligned interventions: scaffolded mastery experiences and credible peer modeling to strengthen efficacy; expectancy–value re-framing that elevates utility and interest while reducing perceived cost; and mindset-consistent practices that de-stigmatize error, prioritize process feedback, and remove unnecessary time pressure. Multi-modal designs combining cognitive-behavioral strategies, hands-on inquiry, and collaborative structures show promise for interrupting avoidance cycles, improving performance, and broadening access to STEM pathways. Future work should pursue longitudinal, diverse-sample tests of mechanism, implementation fidelity, and context, to refine causal inferences and guide equitable, scalable practice. Worldwide effectively. Keywords: mathematics anxiety; self-efficacy; expectancy–value theory; growth mindset; cognitive–affective models; assessment scales; multimodal interventions.
A Data-Driven Hybrid ML–XAI Approach for Early stage Breast Cancer Screening
Breast cancer continues to be the most common type of cancer in women globally and poses a serious threat to global health. Early detection remains a crucial factor in determining survival rates, even with the advancements in imaging technologies. Recent years have seen impressive advancements in the detection, diagnosis, and prognosis of breast cancer thanks to machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques. However, as the majority of ML models function as "black boxes" with little transparency, a significant obstacle to clinical application is the lack of interpretability. A promising strategy to close this gap is Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), which provides patients and physicians with understandable insights into algorithms that make decisions. A thorough summary of hybrid ML–XAI architectures for early breast tumor detection is given in this review. We talk about XAI techniques like LIME, SHAP, and Grad-CAM, investigate how they are integrated into hybrid frameworks, and look at the function of ML in mammography, ultrasound, and histology. The study also critically assesses the body of research, identifies present issues, and suggests future paths for the application of reliable, interpretable, and high-performing AI in breast cancer screening. Hybrid ML–XAI frameworks offer a revolutionary route toward dependable, moral, and clinically applicable AI-driven healthcare by fusing interpretability and accuracy. Keywords: Breast Cancer, Machine Learning, Explainable Artificial Intelligence, Early Screening, Hybrid Frameworks, Medical Imaging.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Reducing Workplace Stress and Enhancing Work-Life Balance: An Empirical Study
Employee stress has become a critical challenge for modern organizations, often leading to lower productivity, frequent absenteeism, and difficulties in maintaining work-life balance. In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been increasingly integrated into organizational processes to automate routine tasks, improve operational efficiency, and promote employee well-being. This study examines the impact of AI on reducing workplace stress and promoting work-life balance among Indian employees. Data were gathered from 250 respondents employed in the IT, banking, and healthcare sectors through a structured survey. The analysis involved descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression techniques to explore the relationship between AI usage, stress reduction, and the balance between work and personal life. Results show that AI helps minimize repetitive activities, enhances time management, and strengthens overall work-life integration. At the same time, concerns related to employee privacy and potential job displacement emerged as notable challenges. The study concludes with practical recommendations for managers, HR professionals, and policymakers to implement AI in a responsible and employee-centered manner Keywords Artificial Intelligence, workplace stress, work-life balance, employee well-being, HR technology.
GREEN ON THE RISE: URBAN APPETITES FOR ORGANIC VEGETABLES IN INDIA
There has been a considerable movement towards consumption habits that are more ecologically sustainable and health concerned, and this is reflected in the increased demand for organic veggies in urban India. The purpose of this article is to investigate the complex dynamics of organic vegetable markets in metropolitan regions of India, with a particular emphasis on critical topics such as health awareness, economic issues, environmental concerns, urban lifestyles, and supply chain logistics. Consumers in urban areas are progressively placing a higher priority on organic veggies as a result of increased health consciousness. They associate organic vegetables with improved nutritional content and lower exposure to dangerous chemicals. Purchasing behaviour is heavily influenced by economic aspects such as income levels, pricing tactics, and affordability. This highlights the necessity of developing targeted methods to make organic products more accessible to a larger audience. Considerations pertaining to the environment play a significant part in the formation of consumer preferences, with a significant number of urban purchasers relating their decisions to sustainability objectives and ecological repercussions. Consumption patterns are further influenced by urban lives, which are characterised by convenience and a fast-paced way of life. Digital retail platforms are becoming increasingly prominent as a preferred buying channel. The inefficiencies that exist within the supply chain continue to be a significant obstacle, since they have an impact on the cost, quality, and availability of organic products in urban markets. The findings highlight the importance of collaboration among stakeholders in order to solve these difficulties, encourage environmental education among consumers, and promote environmentally responsible agriculture methods. The following are some suggestions for future research: investigating digital marketing tactics, analysing patterns in consumer behaviour that are particular to an area, and doing comparative studies on the effects of organic farming against conventional farming. It is the intention of this study to encourage the expansion of sustainable organic vegetable markets in urban India by providing essential information for policymakers, urban planners, marketers, and consumers. Keywords: Organic vegetables, urban India, health awareness, environmental concerns, market dynamics, supply chain logistics.