Naveen International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (NIJMS)
Naveen International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (NIJMS) is an International Open Access, Peer-reviewed, Refereed, Multidisciplinary, Bimonthly, Multilanguage (English and Hindi) Online Journal. It serves as a platform for researchers, scholars, and scientists to disseminate high-quality scientific research across a broad spectrum of disciplines within modern science and technology. By embracing a multidisciplinary approach, Naveen International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (NIJMS) encompasses fields such as physics, chemistry, biology, computer science, engineering, environmental sciences, mathematics, and applied sciences, among others. Conferences Collaboration with Universities & Colleges ISSDC-2025 NEP: GOST-2025 NCVCIKT-2025 NSWEIG-2025
Artificial Intelligence and Social Change: A Sociological Investigation of Emerging Social Trends
Artificial intelligence (AI) has evolved from a niche computational discipline to an increasingly ubiquitous social infrastructure that permeates the world of work, communication, knowledge creation and everyday life. The current paper provides a sociological analysis of the social trends that are emerging along with the spread of AI on a global scale and its applicability in the Indian context. The study aims at two aspects: First, it investigates the impact of AI adoption on social structures and trends, and second, it explores the role of AI in both negotiating and perpetuating social inequalities. The research adopts systematic secondary data synthesis design and gathers and analyzes credible data from respected reports from Pew Research Center, World Economic Forum, Stanford HAI, and Telecom Regulatory Authority of India. The documented evidence is appraised in the light of two hypotheses. The findings show that AI is creating some structural shock to the labour market, fueling mixed and age-sensitive public attitudes to AI, and widening the rift between cities and rural areas, and between countries. These trends are placed in a sociotechnical and social-stratification theory context. The paper argues that AI is a catalyst and a reflection of social transformation, and needs a governance approach with a social perspective. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Social Change, Digital Divide, Sociotechnical Systems, Social Inequality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Naveen International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (NIJMS) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Justice in the Age of Algorithms: Artificial Intelligence, Data Privacy, Surveillance, and Digital Evidence in Criminal Adjudication
The rapid integration of automated and data-driven technologies into criminal justice systems has fundamentally transformed the paradigms of policing, investigation, prosecution, and adjudication. Technologies such as predictive policing tools, facial recognition systems, automated risk assessment instruments, and digital forensics promise efficiency, accuracy, and speed in crime control. However, their deployment raises profound constitutional, legal, and ethical concerns particularly relating to data privacy, structural bias, transparency, and the admissibility and reliability of digitally generated evidence. This research critically examines the governance of artificial intelligence and data-driven technologies in the Indian criminal justice system, focusing on data protection standards, evidentiary challenges, and procedural fairness. Despite significant legislative developments including the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, and the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 India lacks a comprehensive rights-based regulatory framework for data-driven criminal justice technologies. Existing laws remain fragmented and inadequate to address mass surveillance, automated decision-making, structural discrimination in profiling systems, and judicial scrutiny of digitally generated evidence. The study undertakes a comparative analysis of regulatory approaches in the European Union particularly the EU Artificial Intelligence Act, 2024 and the GDPR and the United States' constitutional model. This comparative inquiry highlights significant regulatory lacunae in India, especially regarding accountability, transparency, and constitutional safeguards under Articles 14, 19, and 21 of the Constitution, as interpreted by the Supreme Court in Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v. Union of India. The research concludes by proposing a rights-based regulatory framework for India, emphasising algorithmic transparency, data minimisation, independent audits, and enhanced judicial oversight. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Criminal Justice System; Data Privacy; Digital Evidence; Surveillance Technologies; Algorithmic Accountability.
Impact of Generative AI Tools on Students’ Critical Thinking and Learning Outcomes
The educational system currently faces a major academic dispute which examines how Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) tools such as ChatGPT and Google Gemini and Microsoft Copilot and Perplexity AI and Claude affect students' critical thinking skills and their ability to learn academic material. This paper reports the findings of a quasi-experimental study which investigated 240 undergraduate students from four colleges in Pune India to study how structured GenAI tool integration affected their critical thinking skills and learning achievement across six critical thinking dimensions and four learning outcome categories during a 16-week academic semester. The study used a pre-test/post-test control group design which showed that the experimental group (n = 120) who learned through structured GenAI-integrated instruction achieved better results across all assessment criteria than the control group (n = 120) who received traditional teaching methods. The assessment results showed that students made their greatest progress in Creative Thinking which increased by 20.3 points with a standard effect size of d = 1.50 and Information Synthesis which increased by 18.9 points with a standard effect size of d = 1.39. The research study established specific situations which demonstrate that GenAI dependency leads to decreased ability for independent critical thinking. The researchers developed the CRITIC model as a teaching framework which enables educational institutions to use GenAI technology in a responsible way. Keywords: generative AI, critical thinking, learning outcomes, ChatGPT, educational technology, higher education, AI literacy, CRITIC model, quasi-experimental, Pune.
Teachers’ Perceptions and Challenges in Using ChatGPT in Higher Education Classrooms
The research examines how higher education instructors view ChatGPT as a teaching tool and what difficulties they face when implementing it. The research study collected survey responses from 180 faculty members who worked at six different colleges of Savitribai Phule Pune University in Maharashtra India. The research study employed a descriptive survey design which used a validated 24-item Likert scale instrument to measure faculty attitudes toward ChatGPT in six positive perception dimensions and six challenge dimensions. The findings show that most faculty members have positive but cautious views about ChatGPT which they believe will increase student participation and improve content delivery and help students learn at different levels. The faculty members face major challenges which include academic integrity issues and institutional policy confusion and student work reduction and insufficient personal training. The junior faculty members display more positive views about all six evaluation areas than their senior faculty counterparts. The research paper presents the Structured ChatGPT Integration Framework SCIF as an institutional adoption framework which leads to three main outcomes for Indian higher education institutions. The framework provides faculty development functions and academic integrity policy functions and technology governance functions for Indian higher education institutions. Keywords: ChatGPT, teachers' perceptions, higher education, academic integrity, AI in education, faculty challenges, India, instructional technology, large language models, SCIF
A Comparative Study of STEM Education and Industrial Integration in China, Japan, and South Korea: Policy Lessons for India's National Education Policy 2020
The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is unfolding at an unprecedented pace, with Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education being at the heart of the national economic agenda, especially in the region of East Asia. This comparative study examines the institutionalisation process of STEM education in the three countries of China, Japan and South Korea, and how this process has been connected to the industrial demand, thereby extracting policy lessons for implementation of India's National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. The aim is to assess the mechanisms of integration of STEM in the three economies and identify transferable models for India. A qualitative comparative-policy design was used, and incorporated OECD Education at a Glance 2025, WIPO Global Innovation Index 2024, NSF NCSES 2024, and PISA 2022 data, along with peer-reviewed scholarship from Springer, Elsevier and Frontiers. The findings reveal that South Korea and Japan incorporate industry linkages in the Meister High School and Society 5.0 framework, respectively, and China's "Made in China 2025" plan added 1,673 industry-related undergraduate courses in 2024 alone. India though creates 34% STEM graduates invest only 0.64% of GDP in R&D, and out of the invested amount, 36% is in private sector. The study states that the NEP 2020 needs to speed up its move towards increase in density of apprentices, more R&D co-financing and convergence curriculum to convert the demographic dividend into industrial competitiveness. Keywords: STEM Education; Industrial Integration; Comparative Education Policy; NEP 2020; East Asia
Neuroplastic Effects of Trāṭaka Kriya: A Review of Visual-Attention Training and Its Implications for Myopia Management
Trāṭaka Kriya, a traditional yogic practice of visual concentration, has been recognized for enhancing mental focus and visual stability. Recently, scientific attention has focused on its potential to enhance neuroplasticity and support visual attention training, which may improve visual performance and aid in myopia management. However, scientific evidence on its neurocognitive and ocular effects remains limited and inconclusive. To analyze the neuroplastic effects of Trāṭaka Kriya and evaluate its potential as a relevant visual attention training technique for myopia management. A systematic literature search was conducted across several electronic databases to identify studies that examine the cognitive, psychological, and visual effects of Trāṭaka and related yogic practices. The initial search yielded 339 records, of which 116 duplicates were removed. After applying the eligibility criteria and screening, 5 studies were selected for final analysis. These studies included 334 participants aged 12-50 years and primarily employed randomized or controlled experimental designs, with intervention durations ranging from 8 to 12 weeks. The findings indicate that Trataka-based interventions may enhance several neurocognitive functions, including attentional control, working memory, visuomotor coordination, and psychological well-being. These improvements suggest possible experience-dependent neuroplastic changes in neural networks related to attention and visual-motor processing. However, current evidence remains limited regarding the direct effect of Trāṭaka on refractive error or the progre ssion of myopia. Keywords: Trataka Kriya, Yoga, Visual Attention Training, Neuroplasticity, Neurocognition, Myopia, Ocular Health.
A Perspective of Yoga on Occupational Stress, Musculoskeletal Disorder and Digital Eye Strain of Banking Sector Employees: A Review Study
Banking sector employees are at a high risk of occupational stress, musculoskeletal disorders, and digital eye strain. This is because of long periods of sitting, longer computer screen exposure, and high-pressure work environments. Often, these employees work more than 6 hours a day on computers. They regularly maintain static postures and perform repetitive movements for too long, with poor task management and working style, which increases their stress due to their occupation. This raises the probability of musculoskeletal disorders, mainly lower back pain and neck pain. Digital eye strain is the principal driver of symptoms like eye discomfort, dryness, and blurred vision. In the banking field, these problems are common due to constant computer use, deadlines, and an intensive type of occupational task. This study aims to review the prevalence of these issues and examine how Yoga can serve as a tool to resolve them. This study uses an analytical and descriptive review of the literature from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Sage journals. Research shows that Yoga can help reduce psychological stress, improve posture, enhance spinal mobility, and relax eye and neck muscles. It also helps calm the nervous system. Thus, Yoga can be a groundbreaking tool to enhance and regulate these conditions by bringing harmony within oneself and their work culture. Keywords: Yoga, Bank Employees, Occupational Stress, Musculoskeletal disorder, Lower back pain, and Digital Eye Strain (DES).
Emotional Maturity and Academic Anxiety Among Senior Secondary School Students: A Correlational Study
The present correlational research study aims to investigate how emotional maturity relates to academic anxiety experienced by senior secondary school students. Researcher collected data from students aged 16 to 18 years throughout four different schools by utilizing the Emotional Maturity Scale and Academic Anxiety Scale for Children. The study results demonstrated a significant negative correlation between emotional maturity and academic anxiety with a correlation coefficient of r = -0.687 and a p-value below 0.01 which showed that higher emotional maturity leads to decreased academic anxiety. The study found gender differences because female students reported more academic anxiety with an average score of 68.45 while male students had an average score of 61.32. The findings have important implications for educational interventions which aim to improve emotional competencies because this approach helps to decrease academic stress. Keywords: Emotional Maturity, Senior Secondary Students, academic Anxiety.
Digital Pedagogy as a Catalyst for Multiple Intelligences among Middle Level Students from Diverse Social Backgrounds
The combination of digital pedagogy with Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences creates an educational opportunity which stands as the most powerful transformative force in modern educational dialogue. The global classroom environment has developed into a diverse educational space which includes students from different cultural backgrounds and linguistic abilities and social classes and cognitive capacities so that traditional teaching methods which treat all students alike have become completely ineffective. Students between the ages of ten and fourteen experience middle-level education as their most important developmental period because they undergo major changes in their cognitive abilities and social skills and emotional well-being. The research paper demonstrates that educators use digital pedagogical methods to purposefully combine digital technologies with monitoring their pedagogical impact on learning activities which leads to better multiple intelligence development among middle school students from different cultural backgrounds. The research study uses educational psychology theories and sociocultural learning theories and instructional technology studies to investigate how multimedia platforms and collaborative digital environments and coding applications and digital storytelling tools and virtual simulations and adaptive learning systems can be used to support all human intelligence types that Gardner studied. The paper investigates how digital teaching methods create equitable educational opportunities through their potential to solve existing social disparities in access to education and academic performance. The research provides policy solutions together with teaching guidelines which educators and curriculum developers and school leaders and government officials can use to establish learning environments that support all students through digital tools. Keywords: Digital Pedagogy, Multiple Intelligences, Middle Level Students, Social Backgrounds,21 -st century learning.
Impact of social media on youth's mental health in india: A Sociological Study
The last ten years of social media platform expansion in India has created a complete transformation social environment which young people now experience. With 2023 showing over 467 million active social media users India ranks among the biggest digital user base which grows rapidly throughout the world because its users include many young people who belong to the 15 to 30 age group. Social media platforms provide users with exceptional opportunities to connect and express themselves and gather information yet these platforms create multiple psychological dangers which mental health experts and sociologists increasingly study. The research studies how social media affects mental health among Indian youth through three sociological theories that include social comparison theory and symbolic interactionism and the sociology of digital culture. The research investigates various elements which include anxiety and depression and cyberbullying and identity formation and social validation and sleep disruption and algorithmic content curation. The research study analyzes social media usage among different genders and examines how rural areas and urban areas create a digital access gap and investigates how families and schools help students manage their online time. The study ends with recommendations which develop policies to improve digital health for Indian youth. Keywords: Social Media, Mental Health, Cyberbullying, Screen Time, Digital Culture.
Safeguarding Human Dignity in the Face of Hunger: Examining the Role of Human Rights Commissions in Global Food Security
This paper examines how national and international human rights commissions (HRCs) can contribute to safeguarding human dignity by addressing hunger and ensuring the right to food. Hunger and food insecurity are not merely developmental challenges but represent fundamental human rights issues intrinsically linked to dignity and the right to life. The analysis adopts a rights-based framework to evaluate the mandates of HRCs, their accountability mechanisms, and the international and domestic standards upon which they rely. Through a comprehensive literature review and selected case studies (South Africa, India, Scotland, and Brazil), the paper explores the ways in which HRCs monitor state obligations, handle grievances, and advocate for policy reforms aimed at securing equitable access to adequate food. The discussion also addresses structural factors that intensify hunger, such as armed conflict, climate change, inequality, and governance failures, and demonstrates how these conditions disproportionately heighten the vulnerability of children, women, refugees, and marginalized communities. The analysis reveals that while human rights commissions perform critical functions in translating international commitments into domestic action, their effectiveness is frequently constrained by limitations including weak enforcement powers, political interference, and inadequate resources. The paper concludes that the realization of the right to food as a justiciable human right, supported by empowered and proactive human rights commissions acting as guardians of this right, remains essential to ensure that no individual is deprived of adequate food, thereby genuinely protecting and promoting human dignity. Keywords: Global Food Security, climate change, safeguarding, hunger, right to food.
EFFECT ON NEW TECHNOLOGIES ON THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY IN INDIA: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
The rampant development of new-age technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought with itself several advantages, but it has also posed concerns to privacy rights. In Indian scenario, the privacy right has been affirmed as a constitutionally upheld guarantee, yet the legislative structure addressing AI and data protection seems to be nascent. AI applications mostly depend on the collection as well as processing of huge chunk of personal data, which could pertinently violate persons’ privacy rights. Technologies such as deep learning algorithms and machine learning can expose insights and patterns from the database which might leak sensitive personal particulars. India lacks a robust data protection legal framework, despite the enactment of the “Personal Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act 2023”. The enactment seeks to govern the processing of personal data & contains protective measures such as individual consent mandate and data localization. Still problems remain regarding potential exclusion of State agencies and whether the said Act sufficiently deals with the concerns specific to AI tools. The Indian Apex Court has clearly found that while privacy is a fundamental rights but it is not absolute. Striking balanced approach would be essential in this aspect for fostering responsible AI which seeks to improve the societal benefits without undermining the individual privacy. Comprehensive regulatory mechanism, ethical guidelines and governance frameworks are required for ensuring that AI development mirrors with the democratic ethos and constitutional sprits. Keywords: Privacy Rights, Artificial Intelligence, Data Protection, India.
Role of Digital Technology in Enhancing Student Engagement in Classrooms
The research paper examines how digital technology affects student engagement in classroom settings. The research study uses a comprehensive literature review approach to investigate how digital tools and platforms affect three different types of student engagement which include their behavioral and emotional and cognitive engagement. The research assesses different interactive learning technologies together with gamification methods and collaborative digital tools and adaptive learning systems. The research shows that when digital technologies get implemented with proper planning, they improve student engagement by creating interactive learning environments which allow students to learn at their own pace during real-world educational experiences. The success of the program depends on four main factors which include how teachers use teaching methods and their level of expertise and how students access learning materials and how schools need to establish educational boundaries between new and traditional teaching methods. The study shows that digital technology acts as a strong engagement driver when educational principles get properly applied and schools develop the required infrastructure and teachers receive thorough training. The research recommends that schools should invest in teacher training programs while making sure that all students have equal access to technology and they should use research-based teaching methods which prioritize student learning instead of using technology for its own purpose. Keywords: Digital Technology, Educational Technology, Students engagement, Effective Innovative Learning, interactive learning and gamification.
Geo-Economic Implications of the One District One Product (ODOP) Scheme for Local Handicrafts
The One District One Product (ODOP) scheme, which was initiated by the Government of Uttar Pradesh (UP) in 2018, is a huge step forward in the regional economic planning. Through the revitalization of the micro, small, and medium enterprise (MSME) sector, this initiative focusing on district-specific traditional industries like Chikankari of Lucknow and Brassware of Moradabad, will eventually see these industries back on track. The paper presents the geoeconomic effects of ODOP, mainly its part in skipping the traditional, intermediary-filled trade routes by the global e-commerce integration. The study pulls together qualitative and quantitative data and looks into how digital branding, logistics support, and international market linkage are changing localized handicrafts to become global commodities. Keywords: ODOP, local goods, Economic Growth, Rural Economy, MSME, Employment, Exports, Income level.
Copyright (c) 2025 Naveen International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (NIJMS) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Therapeutic Essence of Navadha Bhakti: A Synthesized Study
Bhakti Yoga, a rooted in the Indian wisdom and spiritual tradition, aims to achieve salvation, the ultimate goal of man, through an innate love for God. Navadha Bhakti (the nine paths of devotion) is a focused means of spiritual and emotional transformation as a practical method of Bhakti Yoga. It includes practices such as Shravanam (listening), Kirtanam (chanting), and Atmanivedanam (self-surrender), which are recommended in several scriptures, such as the Ramacharitamanas and Bhagavad Purana. This study demonstrates the therapeutic effects of Navadha Bhakti in a holistic framework based on psycho-physio-behavioral feedback mechanisms. This study explores how each process involved in Navadha Bhakti interacts with physiological responses (like-vagus tone, hormone regulation), psychological behavior (like-emotional regulation, cognitive clarity), and behavioral responses (like-empathy, humility), creating an interconnected loop of healing and balance, and shows that Bhakti practices can balance the autonomic nervous system, increase emotional resilience, and positively alter social behavior. This paper establishes that Navadha Bhakti, when viewed as a therapeutic model, provides an accessible, inclusive and culturally rich tool for managing physical, psychological health along with behavioral balance and achieving spiritual wellness through holistic self-regulation. Keywords: Bhakti Yoga, Navadha Bhakti, Integrated Feedback Mechanism, Physiological Impact, Psychological Impact, Behavioral Changes.
Occurrence, Environmental Fate and Toxicological Effects of Nonylphenol Ethoxylates in Aquatic Organisms: A Comprehensive Review
Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs) are one of the major non-ionic surfactants that have been used extensively in a wide variety of industries such as detergent manufacture, textile processing, pesticide manufacturing and cleaning products. The large-scale global use of NPEs is the main reason for their continuous and significant discharge into the water bodies through the effluents from the municipal and the industrial wastewater treatment plants. Environmental monitoring data show that the concentrations of total NPEs in untreated sewage are usually between 1 and 12 mg L⁻¹, while the levels of NPEs in surface waters that are discharged with treated effluents are between 0.05 and 5.0 µg L⁻¹. One of the major environmental concerns linked to NPEs is their partial biodegradation, where these substances are transformed only slightly by microorganisms producing lesser chain ethoxylates and eventually nearly nonylphenol (NP), a metabolite significantly more persistent and toxic than the parent compounds. Nonylphenol is a highly hydrophobic compound with octanol-water partition coefficients (log Kₒw) of about 4.5 to 4.8, thus leading to strong bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms, which has been observed with bioconcentration factors of 1,000 to 10,000 depending on the species and environmental conditions. Long-term exposure to NPEs and their degradation products at environmentally relevant concentrations causes wide-ranging adverse effects like unpleasant smell, endocrine system disruption, reproductive failure, oxidative stress, and δ2H and δ18O ratios indicative of developmental abnormalities in fish and invertebrate populations. This in-depth review gives a critical analysis of the prevailing understanding of the environmental occurrence, fate processes, and bioaccumulation of NPEs and their transformation products in aquatic organisms, particularly focusing on the endocrine-disrupting properties that are a risk even at very low environmental concentrations. Keywords: Nonylphenol Ethoxylates, Substance, Environmental Fate, Aquatic Organisms
Comparative Analysis of Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Native and Introduced Plant Species to Water Stress in the Ranchi Region, Jharkhand
Water stress is one of the major non-biological factors that limit growth, yield, and the survival of plants, particularly in semi-arid areas like Ranchi, Jharkhand. The present study explores and contrasts the water stress in the selected native and exotic plant species through studying their physiological and biochemical reactions. The factors examined are relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence, proline accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase), and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde content). The results indicate the occurrence of species-specific adaptive mechanisms that coincide with the native species showing greater resilience to water deficit through the combined application of osmotic adjustment, effective stomatal regulation, and complete antioxidant defense systems as opposed to the introduced ones. The implications of these results for plantings and restorations under climate variability are that the native flora has no less than an ecological role that is in drought-prone areas. The understanding of such responses is critical for development of sustainable landscape management practices and for predicting changes in vegetation in the Eastern Indian plateau region under the climate change scenarios matching with the projected ones. Keywords: Classical nucleation theory, electric field, free-energy barrier, critical radius, electrochemical nucleation, field-assisted crystallization.
Thermodynamic and kinetic of ion -water cluster
The molecular-level solvation behaviour, the thermodynamics of hydration, and the reactivity of water as a chemical. The process of ion and water molecule interaction is a crucial factor in the understanding of pathways and mechanisms in various fields such as electrochemistry, atmospheric chemistry, and biophysics. The current work looks into the thermodynamics and kinetics of ion-water clusters, with ions like Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, and divalent cations (Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺) under scrutiny along with their formation, stability, hydration free energy, and transition dynamics. To achieve this, the method employed is a combination of classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with ab initio quantum chemical guided calculations which together unravel the intricate portraits of energy landscapes and the respective kinetic barriers for the generation and annihilation of clusters. It is possible to differentiate a temperature dependency to hydration enthalpy, entropy, and the kinetic rate constants of water exchange processes from the results. The research provides insights into the molecular-scale ion hydration dynamics, which have consequences for the field of aqueous-phase reactions and transport phenomena. Keywords: Classical nucleation theory, electric field, free-energy barrier, critical radius, electrochemical nucleation, field-assisted crystallization.
Harnessing Yogic Practices for Optimal Health and Well-being: A Review Study
Since ancient times, humans have been trying to improve their lifestyle through yogic practices. Even today, somebody has accepted the effectiveness of Yoga from a therapeutic point of view. Clinical health practices of Ayurveda and Yoga have protected to a great extent from harmful effects of coronavirus, whether physical or mental. Yoga therapy takes care of the body, prana (vital force), and mind simultaneously. Yoga is also most prevalent because it does not require any kind of medical resources and medicines etc. Yogis have explained Yoga as an art of living a systematic life. Yoga therapy pays attention to all the dimensions of holistic health, such as physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual aspects. WHO (1948) also defines holistic health as “health is not merely the absence of disease, rather complete health is a state of physical, mental, and social well-being.” The yogic lifestyle positively covers all these dimensions of complete health. Yoga philosophy states that the seer is well-known in his true nature. Through the research done in yoga therapy, human beings' physical, mental, and emotional ailments like asthma, diabetes, arthritis, migraine, stress, anxiety, and depression have been competently treated successfully. Therefore, yoga has been demonstrated to be a boon for human civilisation from a therapeutic point of view. Treatment of many diseases has been made possible through the regular practice of Yama-Niyama, Asana, Pranayama, Dhyana, Yoga-Nidra, etc. It is completely clear from the scientific research evidence that yoga therapy takes proper care of an individual's overall health. Keywords: Yogic Practices, Meditation, Harnessing, Health, Well-being.
उत्तराखंड के संस्कृत महाविद्यालयों में संचालित शिक्षा व्यवस्था का समीक्षात्मक अध्ययन
‘भारतस्य प्रतिष्ठे द्वे संस्कृतं संस्कृतिस्तथा’ संस्कृत भाषा, न केवल भारत की सांस्कृतिक विरासत की संग्राहिका है प्रत्युत् यह भारतीय आध्यात्मिकता की प्रवाहिका भी है। संस्कृत के इस माहात्म्य को देखते हुए ही ‘ राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति 2020 ' में संस्कृत भाषा के संरक्षण एवं शिक्षण पर काफी बल दिया है। इसमें संस्कृत भाषा की पाण्डुलिपि संरक्षण से लेकर संस्कृत अध्ययन अध्यापन तक सुझाव दिए गए हैं। ऐसा नहीं है कि इस नीति से पूर्व संस्कृत भाषा अध्ययन-अध्यापन हेतु प्रयास नहीं किये जा रहे थे इससे पूर्व भी केंद्र और सरकारों द्वारा संस्कृत भाषा के संरक्षण और संवर्धन हेतु निरंतर प्रयास किये जाते रहे हैं इसी सन्दर्भ में अगर बात करें, उत्तराखंड सरकार द्वारा संस्कृत भाषा के संरक्षण और संवर्धन के लिए किये जा रहे प्रयासों की तो राज्य में 90 से ज्यादा संस्कृत विद्यालयों और महाविद्यालयों की स्थापना की गई है। इसके साथ ही राज्य द्वारा संस्कृत भाषा में अनुसंधान हेतु 2005 में हरिद्वार में एक संस्कृत विश्वविद्यालय की भी स्थापना की गई है। राज्य में संस्कृत भाषा के प्रचार और प्रसार के लिए उत्तराखंड के पांच गाँवों को ‘आदर्श संस्कृत ग्राम’ के रूप में घोषित किया गया है। 2010 में राज्य ने संस्कृत को द्वितीय राजभाषा का दर्जा भी दिया है। इतने प्रयासों के बाद, क्या उत्तराखंड में जनसामान्य में संस्कृत भाषा का प्रचार प्रसार संभव हो पाया है? इसके अतिरिक्त क्या संस्कृत महाविद्यालयों में संचालित शिक्षा व्यवस्था छात्रों को अध्ययन हेतु अभिप्रेरित करने में समर्थ हो पा रही है? इत्यादि प्रश्नों की चर्चा प्रस्तुत शोधपत्र में की गयी है । मुख्य शब्द : राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति 2020, मानवीय संसाधन, भौतिक संसाधन, संस्कृत भाषा।
The Impact of Parental Conflict on the Educational Outcomes of Children with Mental Retardation: A Correlational Study
In this research, the educational results of mentally retarded children are analyzed considering parental disagreements. One hundred children with slight to moderate intellectual disabilities (aged 8 to 14) and their parents were included in the study. The Educational Performance Assessment Scale (EPAS) and the Parental Conflict Scale (PCS) were the tools for data collection. A strong negative correlation between parental disagreements and the children's academic performance was found (r = -0.63, p < 0.01). Poor adaptive behavior, less involvement in the classroom, and lower academic scores were some of the crisis-related problems. The findings emphasize the necessity of psychosocial support and family unity in the process of bringing about better educational gains for the group of children that have intellectual disabilities. Keywords: correlation, family environment, children with mental retardation, educational outcomes, and parental conflict.
Classical nucleation theory with an electric field: modified free-energy barrier (ΔG*) and critical radius (r*)
Classic nucleation theory (CNT) is an approach that illustrates the concept of phase transitions and subsequent new phases creation from the underlying parent phases that are in a metastable state. The application of external electric fields has brought about considerable changes in the thermodynamic driving forces of the nucleation process. The current paper presents a theoretical analysis of how electric fields can influence the free-energy barrier (ΔG*) and the critical nucleus radius (r*) in the context of CNT. We obtain new expressions for these critical parameters by adding electrostatic contributions to the total free-energy balance. The study shows that the application of an electric field can significantly decrease the energy barrier and the critical radius, which in turn leads to an increase in the rate of nucleation and a shift in the phase stability landscape. Keywords: Classical nucleation theory, electric field, free-energy barrier, critical radius, electrochemical nucleation, field-assisted crystallization.
माध्यमिक स्तर के शिक्षकों की राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति-2020 के प्रति प्रत्यक्षण
यह शोध पत्र भारत की नवीनतम राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति 2020 के प्रति माध्यमिक स्तर के शिक्षकों के प्रत्यक्षण का विश्लेषण करता है। शोध का उद्देश्य शिक्षकों के जेंडर और विषय-वर्ग (कला एवं विज्ञान) के आधार पर नीति के प्रति उनके प्रत्यक्षण की तुलना करना तथा उच्च और निम्न प्रत्यक्षण में योगदान देने वाले कारकों का अध्ययन करना था। लखनऊ जनपद के 100 माध्यमिक स्तर के शिक्षकों पर आधारित इस सर्वेक्षण में पाँच-बिंदु लिकर्ट स्केल का प्रयोग किया गया। परिणामों से पता चला कि महिला और पुरुष शिक्षकों तथा कला और विज्ञान विषय के शिक्षकों के प्रत्यक्षण में कोई महत्वपूर्ण अंतर नहीं है। अधिकांश शिक्षक नीति के प्रति संतुलित दृष्टिकोण रखते हैं, जबकि कुछ उच्च और निम्न स्तर के दृष्टिकोण वाले भी पाए गए। शोध यह दर्शाता है कि नीति की सफलता के लिए शिक्षकों की समझ, सक्रिय सहभागिता और सकारात्मक दृष्टिकोण आवश्यक हैं। शिक्षकों के समग्र प्रत्यक्षण को मजबूत करने हेतु प्रशिक्षण, संसाधन और संवाद आवश्यक हैं ताकि राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति 2020 प्रभावी रूप से लागू हो सके। मुख्य शब्द : राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति 2020, सक्रिय सहभागिता, शिक्षकों की समझ, समग्र प्रत्यक्षण।
माध्यमिक स्तर के शिक्षकों की ई-अधिगम के प्रति अभिवृत्ति
प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र माध्यमिक स्तर के शिक्षकों की ई-अधिगम के प्रति अभिवृत्ति शोध अध्ययन पर आधारित है। इसके अतिरिक्त जेंडर तथा विषय वर्ग (कला एवं विज्ञान) के आधार पर माध्यमिक स्तर के शिक्षकों की ई-अधिगम के प्रति अभिवृत्ति का अध्ययन किया गया है, जो वर्णनात्मक सर्वेक्षण विधि पर आधारित है। इस अध्ययन में प्रतिदर्श के रूप में लखनऊ जनपद के माध्यमिक स्तर पर कक्षा 9 में शिक्षण कर रहे 100 शिक्षकों (50 महिला शिक्षक तथा 50 परुष शिक्षक) का चयन उद्देश्यपूर्ण प्रतिदर्श प्रविधि द्वारा किया गया है। शोध संबंधित आंकड़ों के एकत्रीकरण के लिए शोधकर्ता द्वारा पांच बिंदु लिकर्ट मापनी पर आधारित स्वनिर्मित की ई-अधिगम अभिवृत्ति मापनी का उपयोग किया गया है। इस मापनी में ई-अधिगम की उपयोगिता तथा औचित्य को ध्यान में रखते हुए कुल 35 कथनों (26 धनात्मक तथा 9 ऋणात्मक) को सम्मिलित किया गया है। इस मापनी द्वारा संकलित आंकड़ों के विश्लेषण के लिए शोधकर्ता द्वारा सांख्यिकीय प्रविधियों के अंतर्गत माध्य, मानक विचलन तथा t-परीक्षण का उपयोग किया गया है। आंकड़ों के विश्लेषण के पश्चात शोध निष्कर्ष के रूप में यह ज्ञात हुआ कि माध्यमिक स्तर के शिक्षकों की ई-अधिगम के प्रति अभिवृत्ति औसत स्तर की है। साथ ही जेंडर तथा विषय वर्ग के आधार पर माध्यमिक स्तर के शिक्षकों की ई-अधिगम के प्रति अभिवृत्ति में कोई सार्थक अंतर नहीं है। मुख्य शब्द: ई-अधिगम, अभिवृत्ति, माध्यमिक स्तर, कला एवं विज्ञान वर्ग ।
ADHD and Academic Achievement: A Survey Study on the Impact of ADHD on Student Performance
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the primary neurodevelopmental disorder that impacts children and adolescents globally. The present study investigates through quantitative survey methods how ADHD affects academically the students. The population surveyed included 200 students, of which 100 had ADHD and the other 100 did not. The academic performance evaluation resulted in much higher grades in the case of not ADHD diagnosed students, better attendance, more completed assignments, and taking part in class discussions. Inattention and impulsivity, the main ADHD symptoms, have been pointed out to severely impede the learning process and hence to be detrimental to the quality of education. Hence, the paper notifies that the school system should adopt a multi-faceted treatment comprised of behavior therapy, individualized education plans, and early detection of ADHD for better academic performance outcomes. Keywords: impulsivity, inattention, education, student performance, ADHD, and academic success.
दूरस्थ शिक्षा की प्रशासनिक व्यवस्थाओं की चुनौतियाँ: वैचारिक अंतर्दृष्टि
भारत जैसे विशाल और विविधतापूर्ण देश में शिक्षा को प्रत्येक व्यक्ति तक पहुँचाना केवल शैक्षिक नीतियों का प्रश्न नहीं बल्कि एक मज़बूत प्रशासनिक ढाँचे और प्रशासकों का भी उत्तरदायित्व होता है तथा मुक्त एवं दूरस्थ शिक्षा इस लक्ष्य को प्राप्त करने का महत्वपूर्ण माध्यम है किंतु इसके समुचित संचालन और व्यवस्थापन में अनेक प्रशासनिक बाधाएँ सामने आती हैं । इस अध्ययन का उद्देश्य इन्हीं चुनौतियों की पहचान करना और उनके समाधान हेतु व्यावहारिक सुझाव प्रस्तुत करना है । इस लेख में द्वितीयक आंकड़ों का प्रयोग किया गया है, जो विभिन्न ऑनलाइन प्रति स्रोतों से संकलित है, साथ ही साथ शैक्षिक प्रशासन और नेतृत्व से संबंधित पूर्ववर्ती शोधों को आधार बनाया गया है । परिणामों से यह स्पष्ट हुआ कि मुक्त एवं दूरस्थ शिक्षा के सुचारु संचालन में प्रमुख अवरोधों जैसे प्रशासनिक समन्वय का अभाव, तकनीकी संसाधनों और संयोजकता की कमी, प्रशिक्षित कर्मचारियों का अभाव, शिक्षार्थी सहायता सेवाओं की कमजोरी, शिक्षार्थियों की प्रतिधारण क्षमता में गिरावट, कार्यभार की अधिकता, शिक्षार्थी सहभागिता में कमी, वित्तीय और नियामक संस्थाओं एवं तकनीकी अवसंरचना (ई-लर्निंग प्लेटफ़ॉर्म, वर्चुअल कक्षाएँ, डिजिटल कंटेंट और मूल्यांकन प्रणाली) को पर्याप्त रूप से विकसित न कर पाना एक बड़ी चुनौती के रूप में उभरता है । परिणामस्वरूप मुक्त एवं दूरस्थ शिक्षा की गुणवत्ता, विश्वसनीयता और प्रभावशीलता प्रभावित होती है तथा शिक्षकों, कर्मचारियों और छात्रों के बीच असंतोष की स्थिति उत्पन्न होती है । यह कहा जा सकता है कि यदि मुक्त एवं दूरस्थ शिक्षा की प्रशासनिक संरचना को पारदर्शी, उत्तरदायी और तकनीकी रूप से सशक्त बनाया जाए तो इन चुनौतियाँ को अवसरों में परिवर्तित किया जा सकता हैं, जिससे वर्तमान शिक्षा प्रणाली में प्रभावी नेतृत्व, सतत प्रशिक्षण, वित्तीय अनुशासन, प्रौद्योगिकी का स्थायी उपयोग और विद्यार्थी-केंद्रित नीतियों को अपनाकर इस शिक्षा प्रणाली को अधिक गुणवत्तापूर्ण, सुलभ और परिणामोन्मुख बनाया जा सकता है एवं शिक्षा अपने वास्तविक उद्देश्यों को सर्वसुलभ और समावेशन द्वारा प्राप्त करने में सफल सिद्ध होगी । मुख्य शब्द : प्रशासनिक चुनौती, शिक्षार्थी प्रबंधन चुनौती, प्रौद्योगिकी बुनियादी ढांचा, संकाय कर्मचारी प्रबंध ।
A Comparative Study of Financial Performance in Context of Profitability in Automobile Industry in India- Between Maruti Suzuki and Tata Motors
Automobile company has rapidly growth over the past year in India. Automobile company plays a significant role in the growth of India's economic system. Here most of the automobile industry in India, where selected which listed in Bombay stock exchange and national stock exchange in India. The objectives of this study examine the financial performance in the context of profitability ratio in automobile sector, to review the various literature regarding financial performance in context of profitability in automobile industry in India- a comparative study between Maruti Suzuki and Tata Motors, to find out the gross profit margin ratios of Maruti Suzuki and Tata Motors, to calculate the operating profit margin and net profit margin ratio of automobile industry, to evaluate the EBIT, PAT, ROC and ROCE of Maruti Suzuki and Tata Motors, to provide actionable insights and strategies that can help industries improve their financial performance. In this paper, we study the comparative analysis between many automobiles industry like two-wheeler, three-wheeler, and four-wheeler in the context of profitability in India. The analyzed various financial tools which is representing three different parameters via gross profit, net profit and operating profit margins for profitability analysis of the Tata Motors and Maruti Suzuki variables. Therefore, we focus on financial analysis which refers to company’s financial tools assessment like gross profit, net profit and operating profit, EBIT, PAT, ROC, ROCE of automobile sector in India. The author found that profitability ratios is most important tools for analysis of financial performance and certain tools are affect the financial performance of Tata Motors and Maruti Suzuki company. Keywords: Automobile industry, Financial tools, Financial performance, Profitability, EPS.
Synchronous vs. Asynchronous: A Critical Analysis of Learning Outcomes and Student Well-being
The global pandemic worldwide forced a sharp transition to learning online, which has changed the face of education irreversibly. We had to take an important decision between synchronous (real-time) and asynchronous training in this new setting. Using our firsthand experiences at a women's college in India, India, this paper is beyond a direct technical comparison to provide an important examination of methods in which both these methods affect students' learning and welfare. We say that student welfare is an equally important success criteria, which is in the form of academic achievement, which L. On special focus on. Our findings, which come from a mixed-methods study, highlight a remarkable contradiction with our graduate students: synchronous classes promote community spirit, but can often increase stress and individual students who are experiencing digital. On the other hand, asynchronous learning provides essential flexibility, but may result in the feelings of loneliness. We argue that a carefully balanced academic approach is not only an option, but also needs to make education effective in both egalitarian and our settings. Keywords: synchronous learning, asynchronous learning, student well-being, digital pedagogy, learning outcomes, educational technology.
These days, the “mutual fund industry” is among the most prominent. Finding the best course of action and investment option has become increasingly challenging due to the proliferation of investment opportunities. Our primary objectives in this paper are to comprehend the several key ideas surrounding mutual funds as well as to identify trends and patterns in the different mutual fund schemes available in India. According to the results of the current study, there is a tendency that is moving more people toward “open-ended schemes” than “closed-ended” ones. There is a downward trend in the expansion of close-ended schemes following the positive trend that lasted until the year 2015–16. Nonetheless, the rise of open-ended schemes was sluggish but steady, leading us to believe that in the future, “open-ended schemes” will continue to trend positively while close-ended schemes will continue to decline. Keywords: Mutual Funds, Reserve Bank of India, Open Ended Schemes, LIC, Close Ended Schemes.
Theory-Based Interventions to Reduce Math Anxiety and Enhance Achievement
ABSTRACT: Math anxiety undermines students’ participation, persistence, and achievement across ages and cultures. This paper synthesizes theory-based interventions that target both emotion and learning processes. Three frameworks organize the review: cognitive-behavioral, constructivist, and social learning. Cognitive-behavioral interventions challenge irrational beliefs, teach relaxation and cognitive restructuring, and use graded exposure to mathematics; they reliably raise test performance and often reduce anxiety. Constructivist approaches emphasize hands-on, inquiry-oriented, and collaborative problem solving, remove counterproductive time pressures, and prioritize relational understanding over rote procedures. Social learning strategies leverage peer modeling, tutoring, and supportive classroom norms to build self-efficacy. In practice, effective programs integrate these strands into multimodal designs that combine emotion regulation, conceptual scaffolds, and structured peer support. The review also summarizes assessment and evaluation. Widely used measures such as the MARS, AMAS, and MAS-UK enable screening and monitoring. Mixed-methods evaluations—pre/post-tests, growth models, interviews, and reflective writing—link anxiety reductions to gains in mathematical performance. Case studies during COVID-19 further highlight the benefits of collaborative, hands-on learning and mindfulness-based components. Implications follow for classroom practice and policy: adopt process-focused instruction, normalize help-seeking, embed brief CBT micro-lessons, expand peer supports, and fund rigorous, scalable interventions. Noted limitations include small convenience samples and uneven demographic representation; future research should pursue longitudinal, diverse, and comparative trials with transparent implementation fidelity. Overall, converging evidence shows that theoretically grounded, multimodal interventions can meaningfully reduce math anxiety while enhancing achievement when implemented with fidelity and evaluated systematically. Clear reporting standards and equitable sampling will strengthen generalizability and classroom translation worldwide adoption. Keywords: math anxiety; cognitive-behavioral therapy; constructivist learning; social learning; multimodal interventions; assessment scales; self-efficacy.